Types of Indenture

William Lord Grey, Baron of Wark and Lady Cecelia, to Thomas Twisden, esq. and Thomas Heneage, esq. Enfeoffment. Gosfield, Essex: 1640. Latin. Brown ink on parchment. 130 X 400 mm.  Sample from Tarlton Law Library 

This is a document from Baron de Grey that provides a tenancy to his two vassals, Thomas Twisden and Thomas Heneage.  The legal language for indentures up until 1733 commonly appeared in Latin.  This was later replaced by English as the preferred language for legal transactions.

An indenture was one of the major forms of legal documents of the time.  Indentures are known for their characteristic cut, wavy lines or peaks (dents) in the middle of the page.  Whereas, deed polls had regular edges.

The benefit of using the peaks in the middle of the page was to prove the authenticity of the document when the pieces of parchment were aligned.  This feature can be further enhanced by adding words or symbols along the cut line, which could also be matched.  

This type of document is known as a tripartite indenture.  When cut, the two pieces shown are identical and would have gone to the parties involved.  The missing third section would have been filed with the court. 

The advantage of an indenture was that two or more pieces of the document could be aligned to prove authenticity. This was further enhanced by the inclusion of words or symbols along the cut, which would also be matched. In this case, the two pieces shown are identical and would have gone to the two parties involved. The missing third section would have been filed with the court. 

English Indenture - Yorkshire, 1639

Lease indenture between John Kaye of Denby Grange and lessee John North of Bankend for land in Almondbury in Yorkshire, 1639.  Kaye Family Estate Papers. Call Number: MS 240B: 111.  Image and description from  Kenneth Spencer Research Library 


English Indenture - Yorkshire, 1639

Indenture and counterpart matched along their scalloped edges. Lease between John Kaye, of Denby Grange and lessee John North of Bankend for land in Almondbury in Yorkshire, 1639. Kaye Family Estate Papers. Call Number: MS 240B: 110-111.  Image and description from Kenneth Spencer Research Library 

Spanish Indenture - 1252 

Charter of the Clerecía de Ledesma, 1252 from Wikipedia 

 English Indenture -1270

Land dispute between a certain Robert de Lathum and Peter de Hepay in Anglezarke, Lancashire 

Image from https://schoenberginstitute.org/2018/03/05/manuscript-monday-documents-as-vectors-of-authority/

French Charter - 1203

Arbitration of a quarrel between two Cistercian abbeys, 1203 (classification marks 17 H 21 n°4 and 22 H 11 n°6). 

Image from https://archives.marne.fr/page/le-coup-de-coeur-de-anne-laure

Close up of the word "cyrographum" from the above legal document

The appearance of the word "cyrographum" was added to two related charters in an attempt to guarantee its authenticity.

Image taken from https://archives.marne.fr/page/le-coup-de-coeur-de-anne-laure